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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet and also the composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In certain species, some soldiers block tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they might deliberately rupture themselves as an act of defence.153 In cases where the intrusion is coming out of a violation which is larger than the soldier's mind, defence requires a special formations where soldiers shape a phalanx-like formation around the breach and sting at intruders.154 When an invasion completed by Megaponera analis is powerful, an entire colony could be ruined, although this scenario is rare.154.

To termites, any breach of the tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites discover a potential violation, the soldiers usually bang their minds, apparently to attract different troops for defence and to recruit additional workers to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite bumps into other termites that causes them to become alerted and to leave pheromone trails to the distressed area, which can be a way to recruit extra workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae has a specialised caste of soldiers, known as nasutes, that have the capability to exude noxious fluids via a horn-like frontal projection they use for defence.155 Nasutes have lost their mandibles through the plan of evolution and have to be fed by employees.59 A vast array of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the fluids that nasutes secrete.156 Likewise, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to safeguard their nests.157.

Soldiers of the species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of the cuticles. The thick, yellowish fluid in the gland becomes very tacky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects which are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a cube which denies entry to any attacker.161.

Employees use many different strategies to deal with their dead, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse entirely.162163164 To avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries a corpse in the colony to dispose of it everywhere.165 Which approach is used depends on important site the nature of the corpse a employee is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These small brown balls, known as"termite balls", seldom kill the eggsand in some cases the employees tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behavior exists between various species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This compound mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes allows the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Several species of ant have been known to catch termites to use as a fresh food source after on, rather than killing them. For instance, Formica nigra captures termites, and people who try to escape are instantly captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species go in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants like Megaponera analis attack the exterior of mounds and Dorylinae ants assault underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both occupied and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants reside in Nasutitermes mounds is a result of the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographic range; another is to protect themselves from flooding.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds although no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than a one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites live inside busy ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.